CULTURE INDONESIA

Symbolism Indonesia

2009-09-13T11:51:00.000+07:00

Symbolism

The national motto, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, is an old Javanese expression usually translated as "unity in diversity." The nation's official ideology, first formulated by President Sukarno in 1945, is the Pancasila, or Five Principles: belief in one supreme God; just and civilized humanitarianism; Indonesian unity; popular sovereignty governed by wise policies arrived at through deliberation and representation; and social justice for all Indonesian people. Indonesia was defined from the beginning as the inheritor of the Netherlands East Indies. Though West Papua remained under the Dutch until 1962, Indonesia conducted a successful international campaign to secure it. Indonesia's occupation of the former Portuguese East Timor in 1975, never recognized by the United Nations, conflicted with this founding notion of the nation. After two decades of bitter struggle there, Indonesia withdrew.

Since 1950 the national anthem and other songs have been sung by children throughout the country to begin the school day; by civil servants at flag-raising ceremonies; over the radio to begin and close broadcasting; in cinemas and on television; and at national day celebrations. Radio and television, government owned and controlled for much of the second half of the twentieth century, produced nationalizing programs as diverse as Indonesian language lessons, regional and ethnic dances and songs, and plays on national themes. Officially recognized "national heroes" from diverse regions are honored in school texts, and biographies and with statues for their struggles against the Dutch; some regions monumentalize local heros of their own

Demography and Linguistic Affiliation

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Demography

Indonesia's population increased from 119,208,000 in 1971 to 147,500,000 in 1980, to 179,300,000 in 1990, and to 203,456,000 in 2000. In the meantime the fertility rate declined from 4.6 per thousand women to 3.3; the crude death rate fell at a rate of 2.3 percent per year; and infant mortality declined from 90.3 per thousand live births to 58. The fertility rate was projected to fall to 2.1 percent within another decade, but the total population was predicted to reach 253,700,000 by 2020. As of the middle of the twentieth century, Indonesia's population was largely rural, but at the beginning of the twenty-first century, about 20 percent live in towns and cities and three of five people farm.

Cities in both inner and outer islands have grown rapidly, and there are now twenty-six cities with populations over 200,000. As in many developing countries, Indonesia's population is still a young one. The above patterns are national, but there are ethnic and regional variations. Population has grown at different rates in different areas owing to such factors as economic conditions and standard of living, nutrition, availability and effectiveness of public health and family planning programs, and cultural values and practices.

Migration also plays a part in population fluctuations. Increased permanent or seasonal migration to cities accompanied economic development during the 1980s and 1990s, but there is also significant migration between rural areas as people leave places such as South Sulawesi for more productive work or farm opportunities in Central Sumatra or East Kalimantan.

Linguistic Affiliation

Nearly all of Indonesia's three hundred to four hundred languages are subgroups of the Austronesian family that extends from Malaysia through the Philippines, north to several hill peoples of Vietnam and Taiwan, and to Polynesia, including Hawaiian and Maori (of New Zealand) peoples. Indonesia's languages are not mutually intelligible, though some subgroups are more similar than others (as Europe's Romance languages are closer to each other than to Germanic ones, though both are of the Indo-European family). Some language subgroups have sub-subgroups, also not mutually intelligible, and many have local dialects. Two languages—one in north Halmahera, one in West Timor—are non-Austronesian and, like Basque in Europe, are not related to other known languages. Also, the very numerous languages of Papua are non-Austronesian.

Most people's first language is a local one. In 1923, however, the Malay language (now known as Bahasa Malaysia in Malaysia where it is the official language) was adopted as the national language at a congress of Indonesian nationalists, though only a small minority living in Sumatra along the Straits of Malaka spoke it as their native language. Nevertheless, it made sense for two reasons.

First, Malay had long been a commercial and governmental lingua franca that bound diverse peoples. Ethnically diverse traders and local peoples used Malay in ports and hinterlands in its grammatically simplified form known as "market Malay." Colonial governments in British Malaya and the Netherlands Indies used high Malay in official documents and negotiations and Christian missionaries first translated the Bible into that language.

Second, nationalists from various parts of the archipelago saw the value of a national language not associated with the largest group, the Javanese. Bahasa Indonesia is now the language of government, schools, courts, print and electronic media, literary arts and movies, and interethnic communication. It is increasingly important for young people, and has a youth slang. In homes, a native language of the family is often spoken, with Indonesian used outside the home in multiethnic areas. (In more monolingual areas of Java, Javanese also serves outside the home.) Native languages are not used for instruction beyond the third grade in some rural areas. Native language literatures are no longer found as they were in colonial times. Many people lament the weakening of native languages, which are rich links to indigenous cultures, and fear their loss to modernization, but little is done to maintain them. The old and small generation of well-educated Indonesians who spoke Dutch is passing away. Dutch is not known by most young and middle-aged people, including students and teachers of history who cannot read much of the documentary history of the archipelago. English is the official second language taught in schools and universities with varying degrees of success.

Location and Geography

2009-09-13T11:18:00.001+07:00

Indonesia, the world's largest archipelago nation, is located astride the equator in the humid tropics and extends some 2,300 miles (3,700 kilometers) east-west, about the same as the contiguous United States. It is surrounded by oceans, seas, and straits except where it shares an island border with East Malaysia and Brunei on Borneo (Kalimantan); with Papua New Guinea on New Guinea; and with Timor Loro Sae on Timor. West Malaysia lies across the Straits of Malaka, the Philippines lies to the northeast, and Australia lies to the south.

The archipelago's location has played a profound role in economic, political, cultural, and religious developments there. For more than two thousand years, trading ships sailed between the great civilizations of India and China via the waters and islands of the Indies. The islands also supplied spices and forest products to that trade. The alternating east and west monsoon winds made the Indies a layover point for traders and others from diverse nations who brought their languages, ideas about political order, and their arts and religions. Small and then large kingdoms grew as a result of, and as part of, that great trade. Steamships altered some trade patterns, but the region's strategic location between East and South Asia and the Middle East remains.

Indonesia consists of all or part of some of the world's largest islands—Sumatra, Java, most of Kalimantan (Borneo), Sulawesi (Celebes), Halmahera, and the west half of New Guinea (Papua)—and numerous smaller islands, of which Bali (just east of Java) is best known. These islands plus some others have mountain peaks of 9,000 feet (2,700 meters) or more, and there are some four hundred volcanos, of which one hundred are active. Between 1973 and 1990, for example, there were twenty-nine recorded eruptions, some with tragic consequences. Volcanic lava and ash contributed to the rich soils of upland Sumatra and all of Java and Bali, which have nurtured rice cultivation for several thousand years.

The inner islands of Java, Madura, and Bali make up the geographical and population center of the archipelago. Java, one of the world's most densely settled places (with 2,108 people per square mile [814 per square kilometer] in 1990), occupies 78 percent of the nation's land area but accounts for about 60 percent of Indonesia's population. (About the size of New York state, Java's population is equivalent to 40 percent of that of the United States.) The outer islands, which form an arc west, north, and east of the inner ones, have about 90 percent of the land area of the country but only about 42 percent of the population. The cultures of the inner islands are more homogeneous, with only four major cultural groups: the Sundanese (in West Java), the Javanese (in Central and East Java), the Madurese (on Madura and in East Java), and the Balinese (on Bali). The outer islands have hundreds of ethnolinguistic groups.

Forests of the inner islands, once plentiful, are now largely gone. Kalimantan, West Papua, and Sumatra still have rich jungles, though these are threatened by population expansion and exploitation by loggers for domestic timber use and export. Land beneath the jungles is not fertile. Some eastern islands, such as Sulawesi and the Lesser Sundas (the island chain east of Bali), also have lost forests.

Two types of agriculture are predominant in Indonesia: permanent irrigated rice farming (sawah) and rotating swidden or slash-and-burn (ladang) farming of rice, corn, and other crops. The former dominates Java, Bali, and the highlands all along the western coast of Sumatra; the latter is found in other parts of Sumatra and other outer islands, but not exclusively so. Fixed rain-fed fields of rice are prominent in Sulawesi and some other places. Many areas are rich in vegetables, tropical fruit, sago, and other cultivated or forest crops, and commercial plantations of coffee, tea, tobacco, coconuts, and sugar are found in both inner and outer islands. Plantation-grown products such as rubber, palm oil, and sisal are prominent in Sumatra, while coffee, sugar, and tea are prominent in Java. Spices such as cloves, nutmeg, and pepper are grown mainly in the outer islands, especially to the east. Maluku (formerly the Moluccas) gained its appellation the "Spice Islands" from the importance of trade in these items. Gold, tin, and nickel are mined in Sumatra, Bangka, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua for domestic and international markets, and oil and liquified natural gas (especially from Sumatra) are important exports. Numerous rivers flowing from mountainous or jungle interiors to coastal plains and ports have carried farm and forest products for centuries and have been channels for cultural communication.

Identification The Republic of Indonesia

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The Republic of Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous nation, has 203 million people living on nearly one thousand permanently settled islands. Some two-to-three hundred ethnic groups with their own languages and dialects range in population from the Javanese (about 70 million) and Sundanese (about 30 million) on Java, to peoples numbering in the thousands on remote islands. The nature of Indonesian national culture is somewhat analogous to that of India—multicultural, rooted in older societies and interethnic relations, and developed in twentieth century nationalist struggles against a European imperialism that nonetheless forged that nation and many of its institutions. The national culture is most easily observed in cities but aspects of it now reach into the countryside as well. Indonesia's borders are those of the Netherlands East Indies, which was fully formed at the beginning of the twentieth century, though Dutch imperialism began early in the seventeenth century. Indonesian culture has historical roots, institutions, customs, values, and beliefs that many of its people share, but it is also a work in progress that is undergoing particular stresses at the beginning of the twenty-first century.

The name Indonesia, meaning Indian Islands, was coined by an Englishman, J. R. Logan, in Malaya in 1850. Derived from the Greek, Indos (India) and nesos (island), it has parallels in Melanesia, "black islands"; Micronesia, "small islands"; and Polynesia, "many islands." A German geographer, Adolf Bastian, used it in the title of his book, Indonesien, in 1884, and in 1928 nationalists adopted it as the name of their hoped-for nation.

Most islands are multiethnic, with large and small groups forming geographical enclaves. Towns within such enclaves include the dominant ethnic group and some members of immigrant groups. Large cities may consist of many ethnic groups; some cities have a dominant majority. Regions, such as West Sumatra or South Sulawesi, have developed over centuries through the interaction of geography (such as rivers, ports, plains, and mountains), historical interaction of peoples, and political-administrative policies. Some, such as North Sumatra, South Sulawesi, and East Java are ethnically mixed to varying degrees; others such as West Sumatra, Bali, and Aceh are more homogeneous. Some regions, such as South Sumatra, South Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi, share a long-term Malayo-Muslim coastal influence that gives them similar cultural features, from arts and dress to political and class stratification to religion. Upland or upriver peoples in these regions have different social, cultural, and religious orientations, but may feel themselves or be perforce a part of that region. Many such regions have become government provinces, as are the latter three above. Others, such as Bali, have not.

Cuisine of Indonesia

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The cuisine of Indonesia has been influenced by Chinese culture and Indian culture, as well as by Western culture. However in return, Indonesian cuisine has also contributed to the cuisines of neighboring countries, notably Malaysia and Singapore, where Padang or Minangkabau cuisine from West Sumatra is very popular. Also Satay (Sate in Indonesian), which originated from Java, Madura, and Sumatra, has gained popularity as a street vendor food from Singapore to Thailand. In the fifteenth century, both the Portuguese and Arab traders arrived in Indonesia with the intention of trading for pepper and other spices. During the colonial era, immigrants from many different countries have arrived in Indonesia and brought different cultures as well as cuisines.

Most native Indonesians eat rice as the main dish, with a wide range of vegetables and meat as side dishes. However, in some parts of the country, such as Irian Jaya and Ambon, the majority of the people eat sago (a type of tapioca) and sweet potato.[4]

The most important aspect of modern Indonesia cuisine is that food must be halal, conforming to Islamic food laws. Haraam, the opposite of halal, includes pork and alcoholic drinks. However, in some regions where there is significant non-Muslim population, non-halal food are also commonly served.

Indonesian dishes are usually spicy, using a wide range of chili peppers and spices. The most popular dishes include nasi goreng (fried rice), Satay, Nasi Padang (a dish of Minangkabau) and soy-based dishes, such as tofu and tempe. A unique characteristic of some Indonesian food is the application of spicy peanut sauce in their dishes, as a dressing for Gado-gado or Karedok (Indonesian style salad), or for seasoning grilled chicken satay. Another unique aspect of Indonesian cuisine is using terasi or belacan, a pungent shrimp paste in dishes of sambal oelek (hot pungent chili sauce). The sprinkling of fried shallots also gives a unique crisp texture to some Indonesian dishes.

Chinese and Indian cultures have influenced the serving of food and the types of spices used. It is very common to find Chinese food in Indonesia such as Dim Sum as well as noodles, and Indian cuisine such as Tandoori chicken. In addition, Western culture has significantly contributed to the extensive range of dishes. However, the dishes have been transformed to suit Indonesian people's tastes. For example, steaks are usually served with rice. Popular fast foods such as Kentucky Fried Chicken are served with rice instead of bread, and sambal (spicy sauce) instead of ketchup. Some Indonesian foods have been adopted by the Dutch, like Indonesian rice table or 'rijsttafel'.

Indonesian culture

2009-09-13T11:05:00.002+07:00

Indonesian culture has been shaped by long interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Indonesia is central along ancient trading routes between the Far East and the Middle East, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Islam, all strong in the major trading cities. The result is a complex cultural mixture very different from the original indigenous cultures.

Examples of cultural fusion include the fusion of Islam with Hindu in Javanese Abangan belief, the fusion of Hinduism, Buddhism and animism in Bodha, and the fusion of Hinduism and animism in Kaharingan; others could be cited.

Indonesian art-forms express this cultural mix. Wayang, traditional theater-performed puppet shows, were a medium in the spread of Hinduism and Islam amongst Javan villagers. Both Javanese and Balinese dances have stories about ancient Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms, while Islamic art forms and architecture are present in Sumatra, especially in the Minangkabau and Aceh regions. Traditional art, music and sport are combined in a martial art form called Pencak Silat.

Western culture has influenced Indonesia most in modern entertainment such as television shows, movies and songs, as well as political system and issues. India has notably influenced Indonesian songs and movies. A popular type of song is the Indian-rhythmical dangdut, which is often mixed with Arab and Malay folk music.

Despite the influences of foreign culture, some remote Indonesian regions still preserve uniquely indigenous culture. Indigenous ethnic groups of Mentawai, Asmat, Dani, Dayak, Toraja and many others are still practising their ethnic rituals, customs and wearing traditional clothes.

Architecture

For centuries, the most dominant influences on Indonesian architecture were Indian, although European influences have been particularly strong since the nineteenth century and modern architecture in Indonesia is international in scope.

As in much of South East Asia, traditional buildings in Indonesia are built on stilts, with the significant exceptions of Java and Bali. Notable stilt houses are those of the Dayak people in Borneo, the Rumah Gadang of the Minangkabau people in western Sumatra, the Batak people in northern Sumatra, and the Tongkonan of the Toraja people in Sulawesi. Oversized saddle roofs with large eaves, such as the homes of the Batak and the tongkonan of Toraja, are often bigger than the house they shelter. The fronts of Torajan houses are frequently decorated with buffalo horns, stacked one above another, as an indication of status. The outside walls also frequently feature decorative reliefs.
Minangkabau Rumah Gadang

The eighth-century Borobodur temple near Yogyakarta is the largest Buddhist temple in the world, and is notable for incorporating about 160 relief panels into its structure, telling the story of the life of the Buddha. As the visitor ascends through the eight levels of the temple, the story unfolds, the final three levels simply containing stupas and statues of the Buddha. The building is said to incorporate a map of the Buddhist cosmos and is a masterful fusion of the didactic, the monumental and the serene.

The nearby ninth-century temple complex at Prambanan contains some of the best preserved examples of Hindu temple architecture in Java. The temple complex comprises eight main shrines, surrounded by 250 smaller shrines. The Indian influence on the site is clear, not only in the style of the monument, but also in the reliefs featuring scenes from the Ramayana which adorn the outer walls of the main temples, and in the votive statuary found within.

TYPICAL FOOD INDONESIA

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* Bandung - nickname: Kota Kembang

Food: Peuyeum Bandung, meatball Tahu Goreng, Colenak, Mie Koclok
Drink: Bandrek, bajigur beverages

* City Bondowoso - nickname:N/A

Food: Tape (Tapai)
Drink: N/A

* Bali-dub: Pulau Dewata

Food: Betutu, Lawar, Rujak sauce Pindang, Tipat Cantok, Pelecing, Sate Pelecing (Singaraja), sio Bath Singaraja, Serombotan, Entil, Tum, guling Pigs, Be Mesere, Lawar Kuwir, Be Genyol, Sate twist, Sate Sere lemo , Taluh Mebejek, Rujak vinegar, Rujak Bancih, Be Pasih sambel Matah, Sudang Sudaji, tooth Sambel Bawang, Sambel Bongkot, Clengis Message, Message Polo, Pasih Be Sate
Cake: Jaja Uli, Jaja Bendu, Kelepon, Laklak, Lupis, Ongol-Ongol, Bubuh marrow,
Snack: Peanut Asin, Disco Beans, Chips Sela
Drink: Brem, Kopi Bali

* City Gresik - nickname: City Pudak

Food: Pudak, otak-otak
Drink: --

* City Jakarta - nickname:

Food: Sop kambing, ketoprak,
Drink: Ice intoxicated

* City Jember - nickname:

Food: Suwar-suwir
Drink: N/A

* City Kediri - nickname: City of Tofu

Food: Tofu
Drink: N/A

* City Ketapang

o Food: Acid sembilang spicy eggplant sour, spicy tempoyek acid, and sambal Ketupat dab ale ale, ale ale serundeng
o snacks: Jenurai, bingke young coconut, amplang, kekicak, jenjorong.

* City Lamongan - nickname: City of Tofu Mix

o Food: Tofu intervention
o Drink: N/A

* City Madiun - nickname: City Pecel

o Food: Pecel
o Drink: N/A

* Kota Magelang

o Food: Tofu Kupat
o snacks: Getuk, diamond

* Kota Makassar - nickname: City Anging Mamiri

Food: Coto Makassar, basa hammer, hammer Butung, hammer peril, sodara soup, nyuknyang, jalangkote, Putu, disco beans, noodles TiTi, epe bananas, grilled fish, soup konro
Drink: Ice Palubutung, es pisang ijo

* City Malang - nickname: Angsle City, City meatball

Food: Angsle, Bakwan Malang, Puthu Lanang, Rujak Cingur, Thek Tofu, Rice chaotic, Cwie Mie Malang,
Drink: STMJ, Round, Mocca Es, Es Duren
Snack: Potato Chips, Cassava Chips, Chips Tempe

* City of Manado - nickname: City Tinutuan

Food: Tinutuan (pulp Manado), Nasi Jaha, Daong Pangi, Ragey, tuna Fufu, RW, Paniki, Mie Lao2 Garuda, Biapong, Malaysia Yellow, Sayor Paku,
Nasi Kuning, Klapertart
Drink: Saguer

* City of Atlanta - nickname:

Food: Angsle, Bika Ambon
Drink: N/A

* City of Padang - nickname: City rendang

Food: rendang, Balado jerked meat, fish Sampadeh, rice work
Drink: Tea Talua (Tea Eggs)

* City Palembang - nickname: City Pempek

Food: Pempek, Tekwan
Drink: N/A

* Kota Pekalongan - nickname: City Megono

Food: Megono
Drink: N/A

* City of Pekanbaru - nickname:

Food: Durian Lempok, Bangkit Cake
Drink: corn juice

* City of Pontianak - nickname: City of Equator

Food: Fish Acid spicy
Drink: Ice aloe vera

* City Purwokerto - nickname: City Mendoan

Food: Mendoan
Drink: N/A

* City of Semarang - nickname: City of Lumpia

Food: Lumpia Semarang, pong Tahu, Tahu Gimbal
Drink: N/A

* City Salatiga - nickname:

Food: Enting-enting
Drink: Es Cendol, Ice Mix

* Solo City - nickname: City Timlo

Food: Timlo, Rice Liwet, fierce Asem, Srabi Notosuman, Cabuk Rambak, Tengkleng, the Solo, wrapping Sate,Nasi Langgi,Sambel Overlapping, Kupat Tahu, Bakmi ketoprak, Soto Gading,Gule Goreng, Roti Chinese, Abon Varia, Intip fried food, pulp Kacang Ijo, intestine Goreng, sausage Solo, Tongseng, Kecik Bread, Bread polish, Semar Mendhem, misbegotten Blondo,characters,Tofu Malaysia, Ampyang,tendril Gesing
Drink: Dawet Ayu, Wedang Dongo, Gempol Plered, Es puter, Kawis Cao,
Rice Kencur, sherbet

* City Surabaya - nickname: City of Heroes

Food: Rujak Cingur, Semanggi
Drink: N/A

* City Tegal - nickname: the city charming, jepangnya indonesia

Food: ACI know, know pletok, Pilus, antor crackers, peanut bogares, soto tauco, Martabak lebaksiu, crackers noodles, lengko
Drink: poci tea, tea gopek, Sosro bottled tea, rice & dawet ACI

* City of Yogyakarta - nickname: City Gudeg

Food: Gudeg, geplak, tiwul, GAPLEK, gatot, bakpia, yangko, peanut brittle, apem,
Drink: Ice Dawet, wedang round, wedang secang, drink rosella,
wedang ginger, wedang bajigur beverages

* City Bojonegoro - nickname: City Ledre

Food: Ledre (cake / plantain chips)
Drink: N/A

http://id.wikipedia.org/

Famous place of tourism in Indonesia

2009-05-15T21:40:00.000+07:00

MONAS IN JAKARTA (my birth place)

Tugu form of warning that this one is very unique. Obeliks a stone made of marble that Yoni phallus-shaped symbol of high fertility is 132 m.
National Monument on the top there is a cup-shaped flame torch sustain the bronze weighing 14.5 tons, and reached the gold coated 35kg. Flame or torch as a symbol of this struggle the people of Indonesia want to achieve independence. The top with a 11x11 can accommodate as many as 50 visitors. Elevator round in the body there is an emergency ladder made of iron. From the top of the monument Monument, visitors can enjoy the scenery all over the city of Jakarta. Direction to the south stood firmly with the distance from the region of Mount Salak in Bogor regency, West Java, the north sea extends offshore islands with small straggle. When the West turned away to Soekarno-Hatta Airport is visible every time the plane loose substratum. From the top, 17 m to the top, there is a tongue of fire, made of bronze with a weight of 14.5 tons and the diameter of 6 m, consists of 77 sections together.
The top of the monument as "Train Nan unflagging" which means the people in Indonesia that did not fight during the ebb period. The higher the cup from the bottom 17 m, and space history museum 8 m. Size of the square-shaped, measuring 45x45 m, is the preservation of sacred figures Proclamation Independence of RI (17-8-1945).
Visitors Monument area, who will ascend the peak of the Monas monument or museum, can be through the entrance on the plaza around Medan Merdeka Park, on the north Monument Park. There is a nearby pond and water fountain statue of Prince Diponegoro who are to ride a horse, made of bronze seberat 8 tons.
The statue was created by Italian engraver, Prof.. Coberlato as donations by Honores Consulate-General, Dr Mario in Indonesia. Through the tunnel that is 3 m below the garden and this is the way of cross-Monas, the entrance to the top of the monument Monas fenced the "Yellow Bamboo".
Monas primary runway at 3 m, there is room underneath the struggle of the national history museum with a wide size 80x80 m, can accommodate about 500 people a visitor.
On the fourth side there is a 12 room window that subjugate the events since the era of the life of the ancestors of the nation of Indonesia. The entire wall, floor and pole-plated marble. In addition, the amphitheater-shaped space of freedom that is located in the cup Monas monument, depicts a map of the attributes of islands of the Republic of Indonesia, RI Independence, red and white flag and emblem of the gate and door marked script Independence Proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia.
Building in the National Monument is also located to the museum and hall bermeditasi. Visitors can ascend to the top with the Elevator. Or from the National Monument can be seen from the top of the Jakarta city monuments. Monuments and museum is open every day, starting at 09.00 - 16.00 WIB.
Tugu form of warning that this one is very unique. Obeliks a stone made of marble that Yoni phallus-shaped symbol of high fertility is 132 m.
National Monument on the top there is a cup-shaped flame torch sustain the bronze weighing 14.5 tons, and reached the gold coated 35kg. Flame or torch as a symbol of this struggle the people of Indonesia want to achieve independence.
The top with a 11x11 can accommodate as many as 50 visitors. Elevator round in the body there is an emergency ladder made of iron. From the top of the monument Monument, visitors can enjoy the scenery all over the city of Jakarta. Direction to the south stood firmly with the distance from the region of Mount Salak in Bogor regency, West Java, the north sea extends offshore islands with small straggle. When the West turned away to Soekarno-Hatta Airport is visible every time the plane loose substratum.
From the top, 17 m to the top, there is a tongue of fire, made of bronze seberat 14.5 tons and berdiameter 6 m, consists of 77 sections together.
The top of the monument as "Train Nan unflagging" which means the people in Indonesia that did not fight during the ebb period. The higher the cup from the bottom 17 m, and space history museum 8 m. Size of the square-shaped, measuring 45x45 m, is the preservation of sacred figures Proclamation Independence of RI (17-8-1945).
Visitors Monument area, who will ascend the peak of the Monas monument or museum, can be through the entrance on the plaza around Medan Merdeka Park, on the north Monument Park. There is a nearby pond and water fountain statue of Prince Diponegoro who are to ride a horse, made of bronze seberat 8 tons.
The statue was created by Italian engraver, Prof.. Coberlato as donations by Honores Consulate-General, Dr Mario in Indonesia. Through the tunnel that is 3 m below the garden and this is the way of cross-Monas, the entrance to the top of the monument Monas fenced the "Yellow Bamboo".
Monas primary runway at 3 m, there is room underneath the struggle of the national history museum with a wide size 80x80 m, can accommodate about 500 people a visitor.
On the fourth side there is a 12 room window that subjugate the events since the era of the life of the ancestors of the nation of Indonesia. The entire wall, floor and pole-plated marble. In addition, the amphitheater-shaped space of freedom that is located in the cup Monas monument, depicts a map of the attributes of islands of the Republic of Indonesia, RI Independence, red and white flag and emblem of the gate and door marked script Independence Proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia.
Building in the National Monument is also located to the museum and hall bermeditasi. Visitors can ascend to the top with the Elevator. Or from the National Monument can be seen from the top of the Jakarta city monuments. Monuments and museum is open every day, starting at 09.00 - 16.00 WIB.

LAKE TOBA

Lake Toba is a lake with vulkanik length 100 kilometers and 30 kilometers wide, located in North Sumatra, Indonesia. In the middle of this lake there is an island called Pulau Samosir vulkanik. Lake Toba long since become a key tourist destination in North Sumatra, in addition to Bukit Lawang and Nias, attract domestic and foreign tourists.
Estimated to Lake Toba explosion occurred at about 73000-75000 years ago and is bursting supervolcano (super volcano), which is new. Bill Rose and Craig Chesner from Michigan Technological University estimate that the material vulkanik who vomit mountain of 2800 km ³, with 800 km ³ ignimbrit rock and ash 2,000 km ³ vulkanik estimated tertiup wind to the west for 2 weeks. Dust vulkanik that brought the wind has spread to half the earth, from China to South Africa. Explosion occurred during 1 week and throw dust reaches 10 km above sea level.
This incident caused the death of the bulk and in some species also followed by extinction. According to some DNA evidence, this eruption also reduce the number of people until about 60% of the earth's human population at that time, namely around 60 million people. The explosion also caused a time of ice.
After the explosion, the kaldera form which is then filled by water and has become now known as Lake Toba. Pressure up by magma that has not come out cause the emergence of Samosir Island.

TANGKUBAN PERAHU MOUNTAIN

Tangkuban Perahu mountain is a mountain located in the province of West Java, Indonesia. About 20 km to the north of Bandung, with lush pine trees and carpet the surrounding tea gardens, mountain Tangkuban Parahu have a height of up to 2084 meters. The form of this mountain is Stratovulcano center erupsi with the move from east to west. Type of rock that was issued through most of the lava eruption and sulfur, a mineral sulfur sulfur is removed, the mineral is removed when the mountain is not active sulfur fumes. Tangkuban Perahu Mountain area is managed by Perum forestry. An average temperature of 17oC is daily at noon and 2 on the night of the OC.
Mount Tangkuban Parahu have Dipterokarp Hill forest area, forest Dipterokarp Top, Montane forest, and forest Ericaceous mountain or forest.

BOROBUDUR

Borobudur punden berundak shaped, consisting of six levels of square-shaped, three-level circular-shaped coil and a stupa as a main peak. In addition, in all levels-some levels stupa.
Borobudur is stratified ten clearly describes the philosophy Mahayana sect. like a book, Borobudur depicts ten levels of Bodhisattva must pass to reach the perfection become the Buddha.
The foot of Borobudur symbolize Kamadhatu, the world is still dominated by Kama or "low-indulgence." This section is largely closed by piles of stone that allegedly made to strengthen the construction of temples. At the close of this additional structure there are 120 stories Kammawibhangga panel. A small additional structure so that people still be able to see relief in this section.
Four floors with wall berelief on top of it by the experts called Rupadhatu. Lantainya quadrate. Rupadhatu is a world that is able to free himself from lust, but is still bound by the form and shape. This symbolizes the level of the natural, between natural and natural on the bottom. At the Rupadhatu this Buddhist sculptures found in the nook-nook on the wall ballustrade or selasar.
Start fifth to seventh floor walls berelief not. Levels is called Arupadhatu (which means do not form or does not exist). Circular floor map. This level represents the top, where people are free from all desire and the shape and form of bonds, but has not reached Nirwana. Buddha statues are placed in the stupa which closed perforated in such confinement. From outside the statues that still appears uncertain.
Highest level that describes the lack of existence is represented as the biggest stupa and the highest. Stupa described plain without holes. In the stupa is the largest ever found a statue of Buddha that are not perfect or unfinished also called the Buddha, which is suspected as a statue Adibuddha, and through further research did not have a statue in the main stupa, the statue is not finished is a mistake at the time of first carver. according to the belief that a statue in the process of making it can not be destroyed. Archaeological excavation carried out in the temple this page to find many like this statue.
In the past, some of the Buddha statue along with the 30 stones with relief, the two lion statues, a few stone-shaped anchor, and sent to the gate of King Thailand, Chulalongkorn visited the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in the year 1896 as a gift from the Dutch when that.
Borobudur has no spaces such as temple worship, temples others. That there is a long alley-lane road that is narrow. Alley-alley restricted temple walls encircle level for level. In the alley-alley estimated this is the Buddhist ritual to walk corral to the right temple. Building form and structure without the room-level-rise is the development of this alleged form of punden berundak, which is the original form of architecture from the prehistoric India.
Borobudur structure when viewed from the top of the structure of the mandala form.
Borobudur structure does not use cement at all, but the system interlock rod-like Lego blocks that can stick without glue.

YOGYAKARTA (the birth of my parents)

Yogyakarta is a major city in Indonesia.
This city was the capital of Indonesia during the revolution. Besides, this city is the capital of Yogyakarta, which is headed by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X and Prince Pakualam.
Food is typical of this city gudeg.
Yogyakarta city is known as a student, because almost 20% of the population is produktifnya there are 137 students and universities. Yogyakarta is a city that colored the dynamics of school and college students who come from various regions in Indonesia. Universities that the government is owned by the State University of Yogyakarta, Indonesia Institute of Arts and the State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga.
Yogyakarta was center of Mataram kingdom between 1575-1640. Until now the Kraton (Palace) still works in the real sense.
In addition to cultural heritage, Yogyakarta has beautiful natural panorama. Sawah nan green carpet wrap rural areas with the Mount Merapi appears as a backdrop. Beaches that are still easily found naturally in the south of Yogyakarta. Community living here in peace and have a unique hospitality. Atmosphere feels so art in Yogyakarta. Malioboro, which is intravenously Yogyakarta, many craft items from all directions. Street musicians are always ready to entertain visitors stall-stall lesehan.
Transportation to Yogyakarta can use the train from Jakarta, Bandung or Surabaya. There is also a fast train Commuting with Pramek called Surakarta. In addition can also use the bus which is available from almost all cities in Java and with the aircraft.

PRAMBANAN

Candi Rara Jonggrang or Lara Jonggrang that is located in the Prambanan Hindu temple complex in Indonesia. This temple is located on the island of Java, approximately 20 km east of Yogyakarta, Surakarta, 40 km west and 120 km south of Semarang, exactly on the border between the provinces of Central Java and Yogyakarta. Rara Jonggrang temple located in the village of Prambanan the region divided between Sleman and Klaten districts.
This temple was built around the year 850 BC by one of these two men, namely: Rakai lure, the king of the second Mataram dynasty or I Balitung Most Sambu, during Sanjaya dynasty.
In the year 1733, this temple is found by CA. Lons a Dutch citizen, and in the year 1855, Jan Willem IJzerman start to clean and move some rocks and soil from the temple room. some time later Isaac Groneman perform large-scale destruction and the temple stones are stacked in haphazard along River Opak. In the year 1902-1903, Theodoor van ERP maintain that the collapse-prone. In the years 1918-1926, followed by ancient Jawatan (Oudheidkundige Dienst) in the bottom of the PJ Perquin with a more methodical and systematic, as known to the preceding discharge and the transfer of thousands of miles without thinking about the restoration effort. In the year 1926 was extended until the end of De Haan life in 1930. In the year 1931 was replaced by Ir. V.R. van Romondt until the year 1942 and then submitted it to the renovation of the son of Indonesia and continue until the year 1993 [1].
In the year 1733, this temple is found by CA. Lons a Dutch citizen, and in the year 1855, Jan Willem IJzerman start to clean and move some rocks and soil from the temple room. some time later Isaac Groneman perform large-scale destruction and the temple stones are stacked in haphazard along River Opak. In the year 1902-1903, Theodoor van ERP maintain that the collapse-prone. In the years 1918-1926, followed by ancient Jawatan (Oudheidkundige Dienst) in the bottom of the PJ Perquin with a more methodical and systematic, as known to the preceding discharge and the transfer of thousands of miles without thinking about the restoration effort. In the year 1926 was extended until the end of De Haan life in 1930. In the year 1931 was replaced by Ir. V.R. van Romondt until the year 1942 and then submitted it to the renovation of the son of Indonesia and continue until the year 1993 [1].
Many parts of the temple is renovated, the new stone, because the original stones are stolen or re-used elsewhere. A temple will be renovated only when at least 75% original stone is still there. Thus, many small temples, the temple was built not only look back and fondasinya only.
Now, this temple is a protected site by UNESCO started in 1991. Among other things this means that the complex is protected and has a special status, eg also in situations of war.
Prambanan is a Hindu temple in Southeast Asia, the main building is high 47m.
This temple complex consists of 8 major temple or shrine, and more than 250 small temples.
Three main temple called Trisakti and Hyang be devoted to the Trinity: the crusher Batara Siwa, Wisnu Batara the affairs and Brahma the Creator Batara.
Siwa Temple in the middle, a four room, one room in each direction of the wind. While the first load an image Batara Siwa as three meters, the three other image-size statue which is smaller, the Durga iconography, sacred or Batara Siwa wife, Agastya, teachers, and Ganesa, son.
Durga statue is also known as Rara or Lara / Loro Jongrang (slender virgin) by the local people. To be able to see the full article Loro Jonggrang.
Two other temples Batara be devoted to Vishnu, which is facing to the north and one to be Batara Brahma, facing south. In addition there are several other small temples that are to the calf Nandini, vehicle Batara Siwa, the Angsa, vehicle Batara Brahma, and the Garuda, Vishnu Batara vehicle.
And the relief around the edge twenty temples reflect wiracarita Ramayana. Version described here is different from the Ramayana Kakawin Kuna Java, but similar to the Ramayana story is revealed through oral tradition. In addition, this temple complex is surrounded by more than 250 temples of varying size and called perwara. In the Prambanan temple complex, there is also a museum store historical objects, including stone god Siwa Lingga, as a symbol of fertility.

MOUNT BROMO

Mount Bromo (from Sanskrit / Jawa Kuna: Brahma, one of the Main Hindu god), is a volcano that is still active and most famous as the tourism in East Java. As a tourism, Mount Bromo to be interesting because of its status as the volcanoes are still active.
Bromo has a height of 2392 meters above sea level will be in four areas, namely Kabupaten Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Lumajang, and Kabupaten Malang. Mount Bromo body form of mesh between the valley and the canyon kaldera with sand or sea area of about 10 square kilometers.
Mount Bromo crater has a diameter of ± 800 meters (north-south) and ± 600 meters (east-west). While the danger area a circle with fingers 4 km from the center of Bromo crater.
Bromo mountain as sacred
For the Bromo, Tengger tribe, Gunung Brahma (Bromo) to be as holy mountain. Once a year the community holds a ceremony Tengger Yadnya KASADA Festival or Kasodo. The ceremony is held in a temple which is located under the foot of Mount Bromo and proceed north to the top of the mountain Bromo. The ceremony was held at midnight to early morning every full moon around 14 or 15 months in Kasodo (tenth) according to the Javanese calendar.

RINJANI

Gunung Rinjani National Park (TNGR) is one type of ecosystem with rain forest and mountain savanna that is located on the island of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. TNGR defined as the area of National Park through a decree from the Ministry of Forestry No.280/Kpts-II/1997 broadly 40.000hA even more in the extent of 41.000 ha.

Biodiversity
TNGR have multiformity flora among others; nettle (Laportea stimulant), Dedurenan (Aglaea Argentea), Bayur (Pterospermum Javanicum), Beringin (Ficus Benjamina), Cashew-jambuan (Syzygium sp) Keruing (Dipterocarpus Hasseltii), Rerau (D. Imbricatus) , Cemara Mount (Casuarina Junghuniana) Eidelweis (Anaphalis javanica) and several kinds of orchid that is endemic forest Perisstylus Rinjaniensis and P. Lombokensis. While multiformity fauna that is owned by TNGR among others; civet Rinjani (Paradoxurus Hemaprhoditus Rinjanicus), Deer (Muntiacus Muntjak Nainggolani), Lutung Budeng (Trachypithecus Auratus Kohlbruggei), Trenggiling (Manis Javanicus), Cikukua Tanduk bird (Philemon Buceroides Neglectus), Dawah Forest (Ducula Lacernulata Sasakensis), cervix Kepodang Black (Oriolus chinensis Broderipii) and several types of reptilia added a number of types of fresh water fish that live on the lake Segara Anak, among others; Mujair and carp.
Topography
In the lava mountain (2.800mdpl) there is a crater off the mountain due to eruption of Rinjani
Gunung Baru is trusted high increases in each year. Average rainfall - the average in this area is 2.000ml/tahun location with a height of 550mdpl - 3.726mdpl. Myth Gunung Rinjani keep some mystery. One of the biggest mysteries is Dewi Anjani. Dewi Anjani wonder is the offspring of King Selaparang direct result of the marriage of King mahkluk fine with living in the mountain Rinjani rain when he appealed to the area because of the long drought Selaparang kingdom at that time. Therefore, at this time until the tribe Sasak and Hindu Dharma on the island of Lombok often perform rituals Mulang Pekelem namely ritual to invoke rain Dewi Anjani sesembahan plate with a gold in the all kinds of mahkluk water drowned the way to the lake Segara Anak.

BALI ISLAND

Bali Island, the perfect holiday destination for all ages offers something for everyone. Bali offers not just various customs but also various "adrenalin pump" parks. Many exciting amusements are available in Bali, with something new opening all the time. The number of offshore and inland attraction are on the rise because many tourists want them. This tropical paradise has a unique blend of modern tourist facilities combined with wonderful shopping and a rich past and heritage. After white water rafting that has gained popularity in Bali, comes offshore rafting or ocean rafting.
The more adventurous sort of amusement has now become an alternative sport for tourists. Meanwhile white water rafting is still a popular activity with trips on Ayung, Telaga Waja, Unda Rivers, etc. The tourists can refresh their mind by watching beautiful scenery along the route. Those are not enough, some of the best surfing beaches in the world can be found on the western side of the island whilst conversely the eastern side is a wonderful haven for families, with beautiful white sand beaches and gentle seas.
Bali is small island, just 140 Km by 80 Km and lies between Java, the most highly populated and influential of all the islands, and Lombok, one of the quieter and moderately slower paced islands. Like many islands, Bali has developed a world of its own. It not only captures what is special about Indonesia but also has a uniqueness of its own.
The culture of Bali is unique. People say that the Balinese people have reached self-content. The Balinese people are proud of having preserved their unique Hindu culture against the advance of Islam, the dominant religion throughout Indonesia. This is still reflected in days to day life and can be seen in the numerous ceremonies, Balinese festivals and magnificent temples and palaces. The Balinese are skilled artisans, particularly in woodcarving and in fashioning objects of tortoiseshell and of gold, silver and other metals. The Balinese are noted for their traditional dance, the distinctive music of the gamelan and for their skills in weaving cloth of gold and silver threads, Songket, as well as for embroidering silk and cotton clothing. Stone and woodcarvings, traditional and modern paintings and intricately designed jewelry in gold and silver are readily available in shops and galleries throughout the island.
As for recreation, there is no shortage of options. Nature walks, horseback riding, diving, surfing - even bungy jumping and white water rafting - await the adventurous here.
SANUR BEACH
Sanur beach is a ramble in the famous tourist island of Bali. This place is exactly located in the eastern city of Denpasar, the capital city of Bali. Sanur is located in Badung regency.
Sanur Beach is the location, especially for surfing (surfing). Especially waves of Sanur is famed among foreign tourists. Not far offshore Batam there is also the location of dive and snorkeling tours. Because of the friendly condition, the location of this suit can be used by the divers of all skill levels.
Sanur Beach is also known as Sunrise beach (sunrise beach) as the opponent's Kuta Beach.
KUTA BEACH
Kuta Beach is a tourist place, located in the south of Denpasar, the capital of Bali, Indonesia. Kuta is located in Badung Regency. This area is a tourist destination abroad, and has become the object of Bali tourism mainstay since the early 70's. Kuta Beach also often referred to as sunset beach (sunset beach) as the opponent of Sanur beach.
In Kuta's many shops, restaurants and the bathing season and the self. Besides the beautiful beach, Kuta beach also offers various other types of entertainment such as bars and restaurants along the beach to Legian beach. Rosovivo, Ocean Beach Club, Kamasutra, is some of the most crowded clubs along the Kuta beach.
This beach has waves that are also quite good for the sport surfing (surfing), peselancar especially for beginners. Field Air I Gusti Ngurah Rai is located not far from Kuta.
JIMBARAN BEACH
Jimbaran beach is a regency in Bali, Indonesia. Located in the south island of Bali, about 10 minutes from Ngurah Rai International Airport. There is a restaurant in Jimbaran-seafood restaurant (seafood) as well as international hotels. Jimbaran was a fishing village.
On October 1, 2005, a series of explosion occurred in this area in the 2005 Bali Bom.
Indonesia not terrorist countries. there is no war in Indonesia, all the Indonesian people love peace.
KINTAMANI
Name tourism area Batur is adjusted with the potential of the Mount Batur and Lake Batur. Pura Batur name comes from the name of Mount Batur is one of the Pura Sad Kahyangan in emong by the Village of Batur. Before meletusnya Mount Batur in the year 1917, Pura Batur is located in the west foot of Mount Batur.
Due to damage caused by this eruption of Mount Batur, with the Pura Batur villagers moved in place now. Remains of the frozen lava black, vertical rise of Mount Batur, Lake Batur shady turn, is an attraction for every visitor. From Penelokan can look blue Lake Batur and foam-foam waves aside accompany the driver when the boat serves tourists and passengers in every public crossing of Kedisan Village to Village Trunyan. The fishermen also busy coloring in the fish of Lake Batur fish mujair the sale of the catch in the market of Bangli, Bangli is known so that in the sate mujair which is the typical food Bangli regency.